Molecular Adaptations of Pathogenic Bacteria to Oxidative Stress During Host Immune Evasion
Keywords:
Oxidative stress, pathogenic bacteria, reactive oxygen species, host immune evasion, redox homeostasis, bacterial virulence, superoxide dismutaseAbstract
Pathogenic bacteria face significant oxidative stress upon invasion of host organisms, primarily due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by immune cells. To survive, these microbes have evolved intricate molecular strategies that facilitate resistance to oxidative damage while enabling evasion of immune surveillance. This review synthesizes current understanding of bacterial oxidative stress response mechanisms and highlights their roles in modulating virulence and host-pathogen interactions. We discuss transcriptional regulators, antioxidant systems, and enzymatic detoxification pathways that contribute to redox homeostasis.
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